在线观看亚洲精品专区-在线观看亚洲免费-在线观看亚洲免费视频-在线观看亚洲欧美-欧美freexxx-欧美free嫩交video

食品伙伴網服務號
 
 
當前位置: 首頁 » 專業英語 » 專業知識 » 正文

信號傳導 Signal Transduction -生物名詞

放大字體  縮小字體 發布日期:2005-05-13

細胞外的信號通過蛋白與蛋白和蛋白與配體的作用由細胞表面傳送到細胞核。細胞通過特殊蛋白質如激素、細胞因子或其它分子傳感器而持續感受外界環境變化并作出反應。這些信號分子通過與細胞受體結合發揮作用,將信息傳導到細胞核中,在那里特殊基因由于外界環境變化而被激活。信號從細胞表面傳到細胞核是經由"第二信息子"完成的,這種信息子可以是胞內蛋白或小分子如環狀AMP、肌醇磷酸鹽或鈣離子。信號傳導系統的一個例子是細胞對血液中葡萄糖水平的反應。通過葡萄糖與細胞受體結合感受到高水平,該信號最終傳到細胞核中并激活包括胰島素基因在內的特定基因,然后胰島素被合成,并離開細胞,起到降低葡萄糖水平的作用。信號傳導對于制藥業非常重要,因為很多疾病的異常反應是由于細胞或構成信號傳導的蛋白質突變造成的。例子包括涉及指導基因成長和分裂的成長因子和胞內蛋白。任何這些分子的變化都會導致不可控制的細胞生長。超過50%的人類腫瘤的發現是通過二個胞內信號通道識別的,即:JAK/STAT和p53/ras通道。


The transmission of an extracellular signal from the surface of the cell to the nucleus by a relay of protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions. Cells continuously sense and respond to their changing environmental conditions via specialized proteins such as the hormones, cytokines, or other molecular sensors. These signal molecules exhibit their effects by binding to cellular receptors after which their message (or signal) gets
transduced to the nucleus of the cell, where specific genes are activated in response to the alteration in the environmental conditions. The relaying of the signal from the cell surface to the nucleus is mediated by second messengers, which can be intracellular proteins or small molecules such as cyclic AMP, inositol phosphate, or calcium ions. An example of a signal transduction pathway is the cell’s response to glucose levels in the bloodstream. High levels are sensed by the binding of glucose to a cellular receptor, and a signal is transduced which eventually leads to the nucleus to activate certain genes including the insulin gene. Insulin is then synthesized, leaves the cell, and acts to lower glucose levels. Signal transduction is of critical importance to the pharmaceutical industry since many disease states are due to the aberrant responses of cells to external agents, or due to mutations to proteins that form the signal transduction machinery. Examples involve the growth factors and the intracellular proteins involved in signaling the genes for cell growth and division. Changes to any of these molecules can result in uncontrolled cell growth. Over 50% of human cancers have been identified as resulting from just two intracellular signaling pathways: the JAK/STAT and p53/ras pathways.

更多翻譯詳細信息請點擊:http://www.trans1.cn
 
[ 網刊訂閱 ]  [ 專業英語搜索 ]  [ ]  [ 告訴好友 ]  [ 打印本文 ]  [ 關閉窗口 ] [ 返回頂部 ]
分享:

 

 
推薦圖文
推薦專業英語
點擊排行
 
 
Processed in 0.247 second(s), 18 queries, Memory 0.89 M
主站蜘蛛池模板: 天天操狠狠干 | 美女扒尿口给男人桶到爽 | 韩国特黄特色a大片免费 | 人人干人人艹 | 欧美色图色就是色 | 中文字幕一区二区三区四区五区人 | 日本美女视频网站 | 久久久久久毛片免费播放 | brazzersvideosexhd欧美高清 | 精品一区二区三区在线视频 | 狠狠色噜噜狠狠狠狠狠色综合久久 | 久久网站免费观看 | 国产在线精彩视频二区 | 免费久久精品国产片香蕉 | 天天搞一搞 | 国产专区青青草原亚洲 | 国产成人精品一区二区仙踪林 | 狠狠色丁香婷婷综合最新地址 | 一级特黄aa大片免费 | 成年女人毛片免费观看97 | 日本人zzzwww色视频 | 国产成人在线播放视频 | 国产欧美日韩综合精品无毒 | 欧美日韩一区二区不卡 | 男人呻吟双腿大开男男h互攻 | chinese国产videoxx实拍 | 亚洲综合色丁香婷婷六月图片 | 日本激情网 | 三级黄色免费网站 | 成人精品亚洲人成在线 | 68日本xxxxxxxxx18能看的 | 四虎影永久在线观看精品 | 午夜视频免费在线 | 中文在线 | 中文 | 中文字幕一区二区三区四区 | 国模私拍视频在线 | 天天澡天天摸天天添视频 | www.九色.com | 特级毛片aaa免费版 特级毛片a级毛免费播放 | 欧美另类bbw | 天堂电影免费在线观看 |