在线观看亚洲精品专区-在线观看亚洲免费-在线观看亚洲免费视频-在线观看亚洲欧美-欧美freexxx-欧美free嫩交video

食品伙伴網服務號
 
 
當前位置: 首頁 » 專業英語 » 專業知識 » 正文

Rotavirus

放大字體  縮小字體 發布日期:2007-05-28
核心提示:General characteristics Rotaviruses are classified with the Reoviridae family. Six serological groups have been identified, three of which (groups A, B, and C) infect humans. Group A rotavirus is endemic worldwide. It is the leading cause of severe

General characteristics

Rotaviruses are classified with the Reoviridae family. Six serological groups have been identified, three of which (groups A, B, and C) infect humans.

Group A rotavirus is endemic worldwide. It is the leading cause of severe diarrhoea among infants and children, and accounts for about half of the cases requiring hospitalisation. In temperate areas, it occurs primarily in the winter, but in the tropics it occurs throughout the year. The number attributable to food contamination is unknown.

Group B rotavirus, also called adult diarrhoea rotavirus or ADRV, has caused major epidemics of severe diarrhoea affecting thousands of persons of all ages in China.

Group C rotavirus has been associated with rare and sporadic cases of diarrhoea in children in many countries. However, the first outbreaks were reported from Japan and England.

Disease symptoms

Rotaviruses cause acute gastroenteritis. Infantile diarrhoea, winter diarrhoea, acute nonbacterial infectious gastroenteritis, and acute viral gastroenteritis are names applied to the infection caused by the most common and widespread group A rotavirus.

Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a self-limiting, mild to severe disease characterized by vomiting, watery diarrhoea, and low-grade fever. The infective dose is presumed to be 10-100 infectious viral particles. Because a person with rotavirus diarrhoea often excretes large numbers of virus (108-1010 infectious particles/ml of faeces), infection doses can be readily acquired through contaminated hands, objects, or utensils. Asymptomatic rotavirus excretion has been well documented and may play a role in perpetuating endemic disease.

The incubation period ranges from 1-3 days. Symptoms often start with vomiting followed by 4-8 days of diarrhoea. Temporary lactose intolerance may occur. Recovery is usually complete. However, severe diarrhoea without fluid and electrolyte replacement may result in severe diarrhoea and death.

Diagnosis

Specific diagnosis of the disease is made by identification of the virus in the patient's stool. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is the test most widely used to screen clinical specimens, and several commercial kits are available for group A rotavirus. Electron microscopy (EM) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) are used in some laboratories in addition or as an alternative to EIA. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been developed to detect and identify all three groups of human rotaviruses.

Associated foods

Rotaviruses are transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Person-to-person spread through contaminated hands is probably the most important means by which rotaviruses are transmitted in close communities such as pediatric and geriatric wards, day care centers and family homes.

 

Infected food handlers may contaminate foods that require handling and no further cooking, such as salads, fruits, and hors d'oeuvres. Rotaviruses are quite stable in the environment and have been found in estuary samples at levels as high as 1-5 infectious particles/l.

 

Prevention

The viruses are heat-sensitive and will be killed by thorough heating (over 70 °C).

Sanitary measures adequate for bacteria and parasites seem to be ineffective in endemic control of rotavirus, as similar incidence of rotavirus infection is observed in countries with both high and low health standards.

Risk populations

Humans of all ages are susceptible to rotavirus infection. Children 6 months to 2 years of age, premature infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised are particularly prone to more severe symptoms caused by infection with group A rotavirus.

更多翻譯詳細信息請點擊:http://www.trans1.cn
 
關鍵詞: Rotavirus
[ 網刊訂閱 ]  [ 專業英語搜索 ]  [ ]  [ 告訴好友 ]  [ 打印本文 ]  [ 關閉窗口 ] [ 返回頂部 ]
分享:

 

 
推薦圖文
推薦專業英語
點擊排行
 
 
Processed in 0.186 second(s), 17 queries, Memory 0.88 M
主站蜘蛛池模板: 久草资源在线播放 | 亚洲欧美视频一区二区三区 | 好男人社区www的视频免费 | 欧美网站色 | 手机在线精品视频 | 色婷亚洲| 天天成人综合网 | 特黄特级高清免费视频毛片 | 国产天天操 | 男人的亚洲天堂 | 欧美一区二区视频在线观看 | 日本超黄视频 | 男男浪荡性受高hnp肉 | 国产精品国产主播在线观看 | 欧美性淫爽www视频播放 | 久久天天躁狠狠躁夜夜爽蜜月 | 激情综合丁香 | 手机看片福利盒子久久青 | 四虎影院在线观看免费 | 欧美一区二区影院 | 五月婷婷中文字幕 | 好爽的视频黄 | 国产亚洲精品久久久极品美女 | 高清色视频| 又粗又大又爽又色又过瘾视频 | 午夜影院在线观看视频 | 四虎tv在线观看884aa | 中文永久免费看电视网站入口 | v视界影院最新网站 | 老色批软件 | 色人在线 | 一级特级女人18毛片免费视频 | 欧美最猛性xxxx高清 | 狠狠色噜噜狠狠狠狠2021天天 | 色噜噜噜噜色 | 欧美成人影院 | 在线播放你懂得 | 欧美特黄特色aaa大片免费看 | 色香淫欲 | 国产精品久久久久网站 | 亚洲第一区在线 |