在线观看亚洲精品专区-在线观看亚洲免费-在线观看亚洲免费视频-在线观看亚洲欧美-欧美freexxx-欧美free嫩交video

食品伙伴網(wǎng)服務(wù)號(hào)
 
 
當(dāng)前位置: 首頁(yè) » 專業(yè)英語(yǔ) » 專業(yè)知識(shí) » 正文

What is catuaba ?

放大字體  縮小字體 發(fā)布日期:2007-08-22
核心提示:Catuaba is the name for an infusion made from the bark of Brazilian trees. It is often referred to as a tea, but as it is not derived from the Camellia sinensis plant, it is not a tea, but an infusion. The name catuaba is used for the infusions of t

Catuaba is the name for an infusion made from the bark of Brazilian trees. It is often referred to as a tea, but as it is not derived from the Camellia sinensis plant, it is not a tea, but an infusion.

 

 

The name catuaba is used for the infusions of the bark of a number of trees. The most widely used barks are derived from the trees Trichilia catigua and Erythroxylum vacciniifolium. Other catuaba preparations use the bark of trees from the following genera or families : Anemopaegma, Ilex, Micropholis, Phyllanthus, Secondatia, Tetragastris and species from the Myrtaceae.

It is often claimed that catuaba is derived from the tree ‘Erythroxylum catuaba', but this tree has been only described once, (in 1904), and it is not known today to what tree this name referred. The name E. catuaba is therefore not a recognised species.

Local synonyms are Chuchuhuasha, Tatuaba, Pau de Reposta, Piratancara and Caramuru. A commercial liquid preparation, Catuama, contains multiple ingredients, one of these being catuaba from Trichilia catigua.

Catuaba was used traditionally in Brazil by the local indigenous peoples as an analgesic, nervous stimulant and especially as an aphrodisiac. It is still widely used in Brazil for these purposes.

Commercial catuaba preparations often seem to be made from locally available trees from totally different origin. In a survey in 2004, Kletter et al analysed 14 different samples and the majority was made of, or contained, Trichilia catigua bark. Chemical analysis showed large variations in chemical composition.

Several alkaloids isolated from Erythroxylum vacciniifolium, catuabine A, B and C, are believed to enhance sexual function by stimulating the nervous system. There is, however, no scientific proof of the action of these alkaloids in humans. At present more than 20 different catuabines and catuabine derivatives have been isolated from this species. These are chemically related to cocaine, which is derived from a plant from the same genus. There are no indications that these alkaloids have cocaine-like properties, and so far no cocaine has been found in any catuaba preparation.

 


Fig 1 : Structure of catuabines. Upper image is the basic structure of the catuabines. Examples of different residues (R 1 -R 3) are shown below, but other side groups, such as H, OH are also commonly present. From references 5 and 9.

Other tree species used in catuaba preparations also contain many different alkaloids and possible bioactive compounds, but as yet their physiological effects on humans have not been described.

Only a few studies have been published on detailed activity of catuaba preparations. In 1992 a Japanese group described the activity of an ‘E. catuaba' extract on HIV. It was stated that catuaba extracts may have anti-viral activity and may help against infections. Unfortunately it is until now unknown from which tree their preparation originated and the research has not yet been repeated or confirmed. In 2002 antimicrobial activity of Trichilia catigua extract was described, but from pure components and against only one type of bacteria.

In 2001 a Brazilian group studied the effects of a Trichilia catigua extract on the erectile tissue of rabbits. It was observed that the extracts increased the muscle tone of these tissues, which could explain the aphrodisiacal properties of catuaba. Kletter et al did, however, not observe this effect in commercial catuaba preparations under similar experimental conditions.

A more recent publication from 2004 studied the effects of a Trichilia catigua extract. It was concluded that the extract may have anti-inflammatory properties as it could block some pathway involved in infections.

In 2004/5 Campos et al studied the a ntidepressant-like effects of Trichilia catigua in mice and rats and concluded that extracts could be of potential interest for the treatment of depressive disorders.

更多翻譯詳細(xì)信息請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊:http://www.trans1.cn
 
關(guān)鍵詞: the of from and is catuaba in not as are Trichilia
[ 網(wǎng)刊訂閱 ]  [ 專業(yè)英語(yǔ)搜索 ]  [ ]  [ 告訴好友 ]  [ 打印本文 ]  [ 關(guān)閉窗口 ] [ 返回頂部 ]
分享:

 

 
推薦圖文
推薦專業(yè)英語(yǔ)
點(diǎn)擊排行
 
 
Processed in 0.163 second(s), 17 queries, Memory 0.92 M
主站蜘蛛池模板: 天天干天| 亚洲小younv另类 | 国产精品一区在线播放 | 1024手机在线看永久免费 | 久久久免费的精品 | 亚洲免费三级 | 欧美亚洲一区二区三区在线 | 色婷婷激情五月 | 四虎在线永久视频观看 | 在线午夜 | 欧美特黄一级视频 | hd性欧美 | 久久午夜影院 | 国产一卡二卡3卡4卡四卡在线 | 上色天天综合网 | 午夜亚洲国产精品福利 | 高清成年美女xx免费网站黄 | 禁网站在线观看免费视频 | 非常黄的网站 | 99久久综合狠狠综合久久男同 | 免费大片黄在线观看日本 | 免费黄色欧美 | 色激情小说| 手机看片国产福利 | 天天插夜夜操 | 成人在线精品 | 操碰视频在线观看 | 成人综合婷婷国产精品久久免费 | 91热成人精品国产免费 | 欧美肥穴 | 日本久操 | 五月天毛片| 中文天堂在线www | 美女黄色一级毛片 | 天天综合色天天综合色sb | 国产成人一级片 | 欧美另类丰满69xxxxx | 人人艹人人艹 | 美女流白浆网站 | 天天操天天干视频 | 精品欧美一区二区三区在线观看 |