還記得小時(shí)候坐轉(zhuǎn)椅的感覺(jué)嗎?轉(zhuǎn)一圈下來(lái)后,頭暈暈的。或者當(dāng)我們蹲下猛地站起的時(shí)候，也容易感到頭暈眼花。這是為什么呢？有些人把這種現(xiàn)象歸結(jié)為血壓低，但事實(shí)上也許并不是這么回事。

    Rolling down a hill or spinning around in endless circles causes dizziness or vertigo because hair-like sensory nerve cells in our ears send wrong messages to our brain. 

    The motions of our bodies are detected by the vestibular system found in the upper part of our inner ear. The vestibular system senses whether we are standing up or lying down.

    When we spin in circles or get up too fast from the couch, we feel dizzy and lightheaded due to the vestibular system's nerve reactions to these unusual motions. 

    Here's how our vestibular system reacts to a slight change in direction when we bend our heads: The vestibular system senses motion through three semicircular canals that are at right angles to one another. Not only do these canals have hair-like sensory nerve cells, but they also contain a fluid called endolymph.

    Following the principle of inertia, endolymph resists changes in motion. As a result of this resistance, the endolymph lags behind and stimulates hair cells to send nerve signals to the brain. Our brain interprets the nerve messages and knows which direction the head moved.

    However, when we spin, our brain receives mixed messages. The endolymph slowly begins to move in the same direction we are spinning. As time goes by, the endolymph catches up to the rate of speed we are spinning and no longer stimulates the hair-like nerve cells. This causes our brain to quickly adapt to the nerve signals. However, when we stop spinning, the endolymph continues to move and stimulates hair cells in the opposite direction.

    These hair cells send wrong messages to the brain making it think that the head is still spinning although it actually has stopped. As a result of this inaccurate signal, we experience dizziness. Eventually, the endolymph stops moving and no more signals are sent to the brain. The brain interprets that the spinning motion has ceased and the dizziness disappears.

    vertigo: 暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向

    sensory nerve: 感覺(jué)神經(jīng)

    vestibular system: 前庭系統(tǒng)

    lightheaded: 頭昏眼花的

    fluid: 液體

    endolymph: 內(nèi)淋巴
    
    inertia: 慣性