Plenty of people have personal Web pages. But are we reaching the point where you need one?

The answer is still 'no' - but that 'no' is no longer quite so firm as it used to be. And sometimes that hesitation is a sign that the wheels of social change are starting to turn - that 'no' will turn into 'maybe' and then from there move quickly to 'yes' and then finally to 'it's weird that you don't.' If you're a thirtysomething, you've seen answering machines, voice mail, email addresses and cellphones complete the journey from curiosities to perceived necessities, just as our elders saw the same thing happen with TVs and phones.

What would drive personal Web pages along that well-traveled track? It's not one thing so much as it's a confluence of things.

The first is the question of how we're to find each other in a rapidly evolving future. As I explored last month, landlines are disappearing, yet there's no 'white pages' for cellphones. And we don't want one - the rise of email, IM and other forms of messaging have transformed the phone call into an intrusive way to communicate, best reserved for certain situations between people who already have a relationship. Which is fine, but raises the issue of how we're supposed to get in touch with people we don't already know. The most likely solution to the problem is a single point of contact, with additional levels of contact information unlocked by us as we deem appropriate. A Web page - whether it's on an outpost such as Facebook or LinkedIn or a site built out with communications tools - can serve that function pretty well.

Another reason is potentially more troubling: the need to defend and define your own identity online, lest others do it for you. A Network World article by Curt Monash caught my eye last week, alleging that an obscure online dating service had created a large number of Web pages based on combinations of first names and last names in hopes of convincing people searching for those names to become members - and potentially crowding out more-useful sites about a person with that name.

More on that a minute - what really struck me was Monash's conclusion: 'The Internet WILL tell stories about you, true or otherwise. Make sure your own version is out there too.'

He's right, and that warning applies to much more than dating sites. By its nature, the Internet returns piecemeal glimpses of us - small slices of our professional life, hobbies or youthful misdeeds, viewed out of context. The problem with potential employers Googling young job candidates and finding pictures of their bravest keg stands isn't so much the behavior itself - soon enough, plenty of folks in HR will have keg-stand snapshots of their own - as it is that they might not find a record of that person's more-lasting accomplishments. A personal Web page is an opportunity to tell your story and balance out other narratives that you can't control.

Maybe your online persona is free of keg stands - or photos of them don't imperil your job prospects. You still might want a home that offers context for your various online activities, building a mosaic out of what would otherwise be baffling fragments. That was my reason for finally putting together a bare-bones Web site of my own - I wanted one place for links to various Real Times, my baseball writing and contact information. (Well, that and I wanted to use blog software to create a static home page to prove a point that blogging is just a common use for a certain kind of software, and not the stuff of revolution. But that's a previous column.)

Or maybe you want to correct the record on something, or clear up potential confusion between you and someone with the same name. I do a fair amount of self-Googling to see how my columns are doing, so I grimaced when someone sharing my name aroused brief indignation for his comments about Barack Obama and John McCain. I'm not likely to be confused with 24-year-old Jason Fry from West Virginia. (Though I have deep West Virginia roots, so it's quite possible we're middle-distant cousins. Stop saying silly things, cuz.) But suppose it had been another 39-year-old Jason Fry from New York City? Again, a Web page of one's own would help in such a situation.

Then there's the threat of dilution by spam bloggers, or sploggers. If you've ever searched for a term and wound up on a bare-bones, awkwardly laid-out site with a bunch of text that doesn't fit together and some ads, you've found a splog - clever, unscrupulous Web entrepreneurs crank them out in hopes of scoring high in page rankings, luring surfers and getting paid when those surfers click on an ad. (Another kind of splog links to other sites spammers are trying to promote, in hopes of driving up those sites' search-engine ranking.) What makes splogs more than an annoyance is that they crowd out legitimate sites offering real information. I haven't heard much about splogs targeting searches for people's names, but frankly, that seems like only a matter of time - the brute-force economics of spam ought to make it worthwhile for someone. If name splogs do take off, we'll have to work even harder to cultivate our online identities.

Put it all together, and bit by bit, the case for having a page of one's own emerges - as one poster in a Slashdot conversation on the subject put it, 'Your name is essentially your very own brand; might as well try to paint it in a decent light.' Will that evolve into a social expectation? Not immediately, I'd wager - but in time, absolutely. And if so, Facebook could be the likely model - easy to use, indexable by search engines, emphasizes real names over pseudonyms, and has controls letting users control how they're contacted and by whom.

Many people may find that troubling. Our age is marked by worries about too much information floating around too freely - some of us want as little to do with the digital world as possible, and most of us who feel differently still sometimes wish we could keep that world's tentacles at bay. Given that, it's off-putting to imagine that having a Web page could become an expectation and a near-necessity. But technology and the social changes it ushers in have always been coercive. We'll get used to the idea, just as we've gotten used to all the ones that preceded it, and soon enough we'll be able to tell a lot about a person by, say, the mere formatting of their home page - including if they made it themselves or had the communications company do it for them. Whether we like it or not, it's too late to cram the personal-information genie back into his bottle. Better to make sure he serves us.

現(xiàn)在，不少人都有個(gè)人網(wǎng)頁(yè)了，但我們真的需要它嗎？

回答依然是“不”－－但這個(gè)“不”字已經(jīng)不像以往那么堅(jiān)決。有時(shí)候，遲疑是一種跡象，表明社會(huì)變化的車(chē)輪已經(jīng)開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)－－“不”將會(huì)變成“可能”，并很快變成“是”，最終轉(zhuǎn)為“沒(méi)有才怪”。如果你30歲上下，那一定見(jiàn)證了電話答錄機(jī)、語(yǔ)音信箱、電子郵件和手機(jī)從新鮮貨變?yōu)楸匦杵返恼麄�(gè)過(guò)程，正如更加年長(zhǎng)的人看到電視和電話的“成長(zhǎng)歷程”。

為什么個(gè)人網(wǎng)頁(yè)也會(huì)沿著這條既定軌跡走下去？這里不是一個(gè)因素在發(fā)揮作用，而是多種因素綜合影響的結(jié)果。

首先就是如何在快速發(fā)展的社會(huì)中彼此聯(lián)系的問(wèn)題。上個(gè)月我發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國(guó)家庭的座機(jī)電話正在減少，而手機(jī)還沒(méi)有類(lèi)似“白頁(yè)”這樣的查詢(xún)手段。當(dāng)然我們也不需要－－因?yàn)殡娮余]件、即時(shí)通訊和其他各種形式的聯(lián)系手段已經(jīng)讓打電話成為一種比較“冒昧”的溝通方式，只有彼此認(rèn)識(shí)的人在特定情況下才會(huì)使用。這一點(diǎn)毋庸置疑，但問(wèn)題在于，我們?cè)趺床拍芨�陌生人�?lián)系？最可能的解決方案是建立一個(gè)聯(lián)系界面，并由本人根據(jù)情況決定是否進(jìn)一步提供其他合適的聯(lián)系方式。個(gè)人網(wǎng)頁(yè)－－無(wú)論是Facebook或LinkedIn這樣的交友網(wǎng)站，還是帶有交流工具的網(wǎng)頁(yè)－－都能很好地實(shí)現(xiàn)這一功能。

另一個(gè)因素則更令人不安：為了在網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界捍衛(wèi)和說(shuō)明自己的身份，以免被別人“冒充”。在2008年7月初的《網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界》雜志(Network World)中，科特•莫納西(Curt Monash)寫(xiě)的一篇文章引起我的注意，文章說(shuō)有個(gè)名不見(jiàn)經(jīng)傳的交友網(wǎng)站用隨機(jī)組合出來(lái)的姓名杜撰了大量個(gè)人網(wǎng)頁(yè)，以此吸引那些在網(wǎng)上搜尋同樣名字的人成為該網(wǎng)站的會(huì)員。這種做法可能會(huì)讓真正使用該姓名的人的個(gè)人網(wǎng)頁(yè)遭到排擠。

再多說(shuō)幾句－－真正讓我感到震撼的是莫納西在文中的結(jié)論：“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將有關(guān)于你的故事，無(wú)論是真是假，所以一定要確保你自己的真實(shí)版本也在網(wǎng)上有一席之地。”

他說(shuō)得沒(méi)錯(cuò)，這一警告不僅適用于交友網(wǎng)站。從本質(zhì)上說(shuō)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可能留有關(guān)于我們生活的零星記錄－－我們的職業(yè)生涯、愛(ài)好、年輕時(shí)的胡鬧行為等等，而這些往往會(huì)被拿出來(lái)孤立地看。招聘企業(yè)可能會(huì)到網(wǎng)上搜索求職者的名字，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他們倒立在啤酒桶上用軟管吸酒的瘋狂照片。照片上的行為本身不會(huì)帶來(lái)多大問(wèn)題－－因?yàn)椴痪煤罂赡苷麄�(gè)人力資源部的人都會(huì)去拍這種照片－－關(guān)鍵是他們可能無(wú)法找到應(yīng)聘者其他更大的成就。如果擁有個(gè)人網(wǎng)站，你就可以自己介紹自己，抵消那些無(wú)法控制的網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息所帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響。

也許你沒(méi)有在網(wǎng)上留下什么倒立喝酒的照片－－以及其他那些可能危及工作前途的圖像證據(jù)，但你還是需要一個(gè)網(wǎng)上家園，以便讓別人了解你的情況，使你在網(wǎng)上留下的點(diǎn)滴痕跡不至于那么令人費(fèi)解或容易誤會(huì)。這就是我給自己建立一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)易個(gè)人網(wǎng)頁(yè)的初衷－－我想在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上有那么一片天地，放上“Real Times”專(zhuān)欄的各類(lèi)文章鏈接，還有我寫(xiě)的關(guān)于棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)的文章，以及自己的聯(lián)系方式等等。（當(dāng)然，另一個(gè)原因是我想試用一個(gè)博客軟件創(chuàng)建靜態(tài)個(gè)人網(wǎng)頁(yè)，以此證明撰寫(xiě)博客只是某個(gè)特定軟件的尋常功能，而不是什么革命性的創(chuàng)舉。但這是之前一篇專(zhuān)欄文章的內(nèi)容了。）

也許你想更正互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上關(guān)于你的一些信息，或跟另一個(gè)同名同姓者的網(wǎng)上資料劃清界線。我經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)搜索本人的名字，看自己寫(xiě)的專(zhuān)欄文章反響如何，因此當(dāng)看到某個(gè)同名同姓者發(fā)表對(duì)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)候選人巴拉克•奧巴馬(Barack Obama)和約翰•麥凱恩(John McCain)大放厥詞引起別人不滿時(shí)，總要揪心一陣子。我想別人可能不太相信我跟那個(gè)24歲來(lái)自西弗吉尼亞州的杰森•弗萊(Jason Fry)是同一個(gè)人。（雖然我老家也在西弗吉尼亞州，由此可見(jiàn)我倆很有可能是遠(yuǎn)房表兄弟，呵呵，我就不再胡扯了。）但假如那個(gè)同名同姓者也39歲，也住在紐約呢？同理，如果有自己的個(gè)人網(wǎng)頁(yè)的話，它在這種情況下就可以派上用場(chǎng)了。

此外，還有來(lái)自垃圾博客的威脅。如果你在網(wǎng)上搜索一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，然后找到一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)陋、版面粗糙的網(wǎng)頁(yè)，上面有些不知所云的文字和一些廣告，那么這就是一個(gè)垃圾博客－－由某個(gè)腦子聰明但缺乏道德的網(wǎng)絡(luò)商人炮制出來(lái)，希望能在搜索頁(yè)面上排名較高，吸引更多人氣，如果訪客點(diǎn)擊廣告的話，就能賺上一筆。（另一類(lèi)垃圾博客的頁(yè)面設(shè)有連接，把訪客引導(dǎo)到他們想推廣的其他網(wǎng)站，希望以此提高那些網(wǎng)站在搜索引擎上的排名。）垃圾博客更讓人討厭的是，它們會(huì)把提供真正信息的好網(wǎng)頁(yè)排擠出去。我還沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)利用姓名搜索來(lái)吸引注意力的垃圾博客，但老實(shí)說(shuō)，這只是時(shí)間問(wèn)題而已，低成本的垃圾博客遲早會(huì)擴(kuò)張到這個(gè)領(lǐng)域。如果利用姓名的垃圾博客開(kāi)始蔓延，那我們得更加努力地打造自己的網(wǎng)上家園。

總而言之，擁有自己的個(gè)人網(wǎng)頁(yè)很有必要。正如科技新聞網(wǎng)站Slashdot關(guān)于這個(gè)話題的一個(gè)帖子說(shuō)：“你的姓名就是你的品牌，不妨把這個(gè)品牌擦亮一點(diǎn)。”這種思維方式會(huì)不會(huì)成為社會(huì)潮流？近期不會(huì)，但我敢打賭，早晚一定會(huì)的。果真如此的話，F(xiàn)acebook網(wǎng)站應(yīng)該是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的模式－－不但使用方便，可以被搜索引擎捕捉到，強(qiáng)調(diào)真名實(shí)姓而非網(wǎng)名，而且能讓用戶(hù)自己控制聯(lián)系方式，以及選擇是否接受別人的聯(lián)系。

很多人可能會(huì)覺(jué)得這樣做很麻煩；我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的特點(diǎn)之一就是有太多可以自由流通的信息－－我們中的一些人根本不想跟數(shù)字世界打交道，而能夠接受互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的大多數(shù)人有時(shí)候也會(huì)希望網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界的觸角能暫時(shí)遠(yuǎn)離我們的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活。在這種情況下，想到今后個(gè)人網(wǎng)頁(yè)可能成為一種趨勢(shì)，甚至接近于一種必需品，我們難免會(huì)感到不快。然而，科技發(fā)展以及隨之引發(fā)的社會(huì)變革向來(lái)不以大眾的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移，我們會(huì)慢慢習(xí)慣這一觀念，正如我們習(xí)慣以前那些新鮮事物一樣。很快，我們就能通過(guò)瀏覽個(gè)人網(wǎng)頁(yè)了解一個(gè)人的很多情況－－比如他的個(gè)人網(wǎng)頁(yè)是自己創(chuàng)建，還是由通訊軟件公司代為創(chuàng)建的。無(wú)論是否樂(lè)意，我們已經(jīng)把神仆從阿拉丁神燈中釋放出來(lái)，沒(méi)辦法把它塞回去了，唯一可做的，就是確保它能切實(shí)為我們服務(wù)。