You may feel a sense of dread on the road these days, watching other drivers gab on phones and fiddle with iPods. But by one measure, American motorists are safer than they've been in decades -- though it's not clear exactly why.

    The rate of fatalities per 100 million miles of vehicle travel on U.S. roads is at its lowest since the government began keeping such data in the mid-1970s, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration. The NHTSA's recent projected decline in overall traffic deaths for the first half of 2009 was played as a 'silver lining' to the lousy economy: Fewer people driving to work, fewer people dying on the road.

    That could be true. The raw number of highway deaths tends to drop during recessions, according to government figures.

    But more significant is the decline in the death rate, or deaths spread across miles of driving -- long division that helps smooth out effects of economic cycles. Based on the latest estimates, there were 1.19 deaths for every 100 million vehicle miles traveled in the second quarter of 2009. That compares with an estimated rate of 1.1 for the first quarter.

    By comparison, the deaths-over-miles-traveled ratio was 1.46 for all of 2005 -- a year in which 43,510 people died on the roads. If current trends continue, it's possible that fewer than 35,000 people will die on U.S. highways this year.

    'We are hitting fatality rate levels we couldn't have imagined a decade ago,' says NHTSA spokesman Rae Tyson.

    Exactly why driving is less deadly isn't clear, though the trend has been going on for several years. The data don't explain the cause of every accident nor why accidents that could have been deadly weren't.

    One factor may be better safety technology. A decade ago, 77% of vehicles sold had no side airbags, according to Insurance Institute for Highway Safety data. In 2009, only 10.3% of cars didn't offer side airbags -- and nearly 65% did offer head- and torso-protecting airbags as standard equipment.

    Electronic stability control -- systems that use the car's brakes to prevent skids -- were available on just 9% of vehicles sold in the U.S. in 1999. For 2009, 74% of cars and 100% of sport-utility vehicles sold offered the technology as standard equipment, and 85% of vehicles sold overall offered it as either a standard or optional feature.

    Highways also have more safety features. Rumble strips, which alert drowsy drivers when they are drifting off the pavement, are more common, as are barriers that prevent vehicles from sliding across medians of divided highways.

    And believe it or not, drivers are behaving better, too. More U.S. motorists than ever are wearing seat belts -- 84% by the most recent government estimates, up from about 60% in the mid-1990s. 'Click It or Ticket' campaigns annoy some people, but they also apparently have motivated many seatbelt-averse people to change their ways. Tougher speed enforcement and campaigns against drinking and driving could be holding the fatality rate down as well.

    如今開(kāi)車(chē)行駛在路上，看到其他司機(jī)對(duì)著手機(jī)喋喋不休或者是擺弄手里的iPod,你或許會(huì)感到一絲不安。不過(guò)從某一個(gè)方面來(lái)看，美國(guó)司機(jī)的駕駛安全系數(shù)卻是數(shù)十年來(lái)最高的──盡管個(gè)中緣由還不是很清楚。

    美國(guó)國(guó)家高速公路安全管理局（National Highway Transportation Safety Administration）的數(shù)據(jù)表明，自上世紀(jì)70年代中期有數(shù)據(jù)記錄以來(lái)，美國(guó)每1億英里駕駛里程的事故死亡人數(shù)目前處于最低的水平上。高速公路安全管理局最近發(fā)布了2009年上半年交通事故死亡總數(shù)預(yù)計(jì)將出現(xiàn)下降的消息，這不啻于經(jīng)濟(jì)陰霾下的"一絲光亮":開(kāi)車(chē)上班的人少了，因此交通事故喪生的人也少了。

    這種說(shuō)法可能沒(méi)錯(cuò)。美國(guó)政府的數(shù)據(jù)表示，高速公路死亡人數(shù)在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間有下降的趨勢(shì)。

    不過(guò)，死亡率的下降，也就是按英里數(shù)計(jì)算的死亡人數(shù)的下降更為重要，因?yàn)檫@種計(jì)算方法有助于消除經(jīng)濟(jì)周期的影響。根據(jù)最新的預(yù)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，在2009年第二季度，每1億英里駕駛里程的死亡人數(shù)為1.19人，而在第一季度，這個(gè)數(shù)字為1.1人。

    與之相比，2005年全年的英里駕駛里程死亡人數(shù)為1.46人──當(dāng)年共有43,510人死于車(chē)禍。如果目前的這種趨勢(shì)能夠繼續(xù)保持，那么今年高速公路死亡人數(shù)有望少于3.5萬(wàn)人。

    高速公路安全管理局的發(fā)言人泰森（Rae Tyson）表示，我們正在接近的這一交通事故死亡比率在十年前是無(wú)法想象的。

    至于駕駛安全為什么會(huì)提高，沒(méi)有人能夠說(shuō)得清，盡管這一趨勢(shì)已經(jīng)持續(xù)了數(shù)年之久。從美國(guó)政府的這一數(shù)據(jù)沒(méi)有提供交通事故的原因，以及為什么從前可能致死的事故如今卻沒(méi)有那么可怕。

    一個(gè)原因或許是更先進(jìn)的安全科技。美國(guó)高速公路安全保險(xiǎn)協(xié)會(huì)（Insurance Institute for Highway Safety）的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，十年前，在美國(guó)銷(xiāo)售的車(chē)輛中有77%沒(méi)有安裝側(cè)氣囊。而在2009年，只有10.3%的汽車(chē)沒(méi)有配置側(cè)氣囊；而近乎65%的汽車(chē)將頭部氣囊和軀體固定氣囊列為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置。

    安裝了電子穩(wěn)定控制系統(tǒng)的汽車(chē)在1999年時(shí)僅占在美銷(xiāo)售車(chē)輛的9%.而在2009年，在美銷(xiāo)售的74%的轎車(chē)和全部運(yùn)動(dòng)型多功能轎車(chē)（SUV）將這一技術(shù)作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置；而在美銷(xiāo)售的所有車(chē)輛中，有85%將電子穩(wěn)定控制系統(tǒng)作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置或選擇性配置。電子穩(wěn)定控制系統(tǒng)能夠利用汽車(chē)的剎車(chē)裝置防止打滑。

    高速公路也安裝了更多的安全設(shè)施。振動(dòng)帶以及隔離帶都更為普及。振動(dòng)帶能夠在困倦的司機(jī)偏離車(chē)道時(shí)起到提醒的作用，而隔離帶能夠防止汽車(chē)越線(xiàn)開(kāi)向逆行車(chē)道。

    另外，不論你是否相信，司機(jī)們的表現(xiàn)也更好了。在美國(guó)，系安全帶的司機(jī)人數(shù)達(dá)到了前所未有的水平──最新的政府估算數(shù)據(jù)顯示，有84%的司機(jī)系上了安全帶，這比上世紀(jì)90年代中期的60%增加了不少。在美國(guó)發(fā)起的"系安全帶，還是吃罰單"運(yùn)動(dòng)惹惱了一些人，不過(guò)這也讓許多不愿系安全帶的人改變了他們的作法。更為嚴(yán)格的限速措施和針對(duì)酒后駕車(chē)發(fā)起的一系列整治措施也對(duì)車(chē)禍死亡人數(shù)起到了抑制作用。