藝術 · Art

1.abstract art : 抽象派藝術
A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes formal values over the representation of subject matter.
強調形式至上，忽視內容的一種非寫實主義繪畫風格
Kandinsky produced abstract art characterized by imagery that had a musical quality.
康定斯創作的抽象派作品有一種音樂美。

2.abstract expressionism : 抽象表現派；抽象表現主義
A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes emotion, strong color, and giving primacy to the act of painting.
把繪畫本身作為目的，以表達情感和濃抹重涂為特點的非寫實主義風格。
Abstract expressionism was at its peak in the 1940s and 1950s.
20世紀四五十年代是抽象表現藝術發展的頂峰時期。

3.action painting : 動作畫派
A term used to describe aggressive methods of applying paint.
指使畫布產生強烈動作效果的繪畫風格。
Action painting often looks childish to the non-artist because of the
techniques used to apply paint, such as throwing it on the canvas.
在外行看來，動作派的作品通常是幼稚的，這主要是因為畫家采用的作畫方法，比如將顏料潑灑在畫布上。

4.airbrush : 噴槍；氣筆
A nozzled tube used to apply paint in a spray form.
一種將顏料噴成霧狀的噴嘴管。
The famous sexy robots in Japan are produced using an airbrush.
那些性感的***機器人就是用噴槍繪制成的。

5.art deco ：裝飾派藝術
A style dominant in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by repetitive, ornamental, and highly finished curvilinear and geometric designs, esp. in synthetic materials such as plastics.
盛行于20世紀二、三十年代的裝飾藝術和建筑藝術風格，以重復的、裝飾精美的曲線和幾何圖案為特點國，多采用塑料等合成材料。
Mary attended high school in a building that was famous for art deco style of architecture.
Mary就讀的中學以其裝飾派建筑而聞名。

6.art nouveau ：新藝術
A decorative style in which fluid, biomorphic lines and swirling motifs were emphasized.
以曲折有致的天然生物形態為特色的裝飾性風格。
Beardsley prints produced in the late 19th century are a good example of the style of art nouveau.
19世紀末比樂茲利的作品是新藝術的典范。

7.avent-garde : 先鋒派
Innovative art in advance of popular ideas and images, characterized by unorthodox and experimental method.
不拘于現有的創作定式，勇于創新超前思維的藝術形式。
The avant-garde home of the famous actress sold for millions.
那位影星的先鋒派住宅賣出了幾百萬美元的好價錢。

8.Baroque ：巴羅克風格
An emotional, dramatic style of the 16th-18th century, anticlassical in form and spirit.
流行于16至18世紀，以情感強烈、鋪張浮華為特點的反古典主義的藝術風格。
Status and architecture from the Baroque have a dark, muscular, looming quality about them.
巴羅克風格的雕塑和建筑雄偉、高大、格調陰暗。

9.batik ：蠟防印花
Painting on wax-treated cloth.
在蠟布上作的畫。
Susan learned about batik in college.
蘇珊在讀大學時學過蠟防印花。

10.Bauhaus ：包豪斯建筑風格
A design school that promoted functional and geometric elements in design.
指包豪斯造型學院倡導的強調實用和幾何學要素的建筑風格。
Bauhaus school of design in Germany changed the way that the world thought about design.
德國的包豪斯造型學院倡導的藝術改變了世人的既定設計思維模式。a

11.Byzantine ：拜占庭藝術風格的
（adj.） A term used to describe a style of art with strong religious content.
藝術風格突出強烈宗教色彩的。
The Byzantine era extended from the 13th century and went into the 16th century and was characterized by art with religious influence.
拜占庭式藝術始于13世紀，一直延續到16世紀，其主要特點是濃郁的宗教氣息。

12.calligraphy 書法藝術
Handwriting or penmanship, esp. elegant or "beautiful" writing as a decorative art.
書寫的藝術，特別是優雅漂亮可作裝飾的筆跡。
Calligraphy has practically become a lost art in today's computerized society.
在今天的電腦時代，書法藝術差不多要消亡了。

13.cartoon 草圖，底圖
A full-size, preliminary painting or sketch for a completed work.
一部完整藝術作品的雛形。
Leonardo da Vinci's cartoon of the Virgin Mary and Saint Anne hangs in the British National Gallery.
達·芬奇的圣母馬麗亞和圣安妮畫像的草圖現存于英國國家美術館。

14.ceramics
(1)The art of making objects such as pottery or clay.
(2)The objects themselves.
陶器制作藝術；陶器制品。
Savannah enjoys making ceramic pottery.
薩文喜歡做陶器。

15.collage ：拼貼藝術
A composition of found objects, newspaper, and cloth over other material on a single surface.
把揀得的報紙、碎布等在畫面上粘貼成畫。
We used to make computer collages when I was in college by first pasting various items together and then using a video camera to transmit the image onto a computer screen.
我們在大學時曾用電腦制作拼貼畫。其步驟是：首先，將各種材料粘在一起，然后用攝像機將圖像傳送到電腦上。

16.composition ：藝術作品
Aesthetically pleasing, harmonious, and effective arrangement of parts to form a whole.
各部分和諧生動、符合美學規律的作品。
Matisse used color and shapes and worked back and forth until he felt he had achieved a balanced composition.
馬蒂斯反復調試色彩、構思圖案，終于畫了一幅布局和諧的作品。

17.computer art 計算機藝術
Electronically produced images displayed on video screen.
在屏幕上顯示運用電子手段設計圖像的藝術。
Computer art become popular in the 1980s when computers started to become more available to the public.
當80年代個人電腦開始普及之后，計算機藝術也流行起來。

18.cubism ：立方主義；立體派
A style of art that departs from traditional reality, and emphasizes multifaceted, simultaneous views of subject and distorted perspectives.(early 20th century)
20世紀初出現的一個藝術流派。它拋棄傳統現實，強調藝術作品的形體結構，即同時性、多角度性及扭曲的視角。
Pablo Picasso played a principal role in the early movement of cubism.
帕勃洛·畢加索在立體派早期發展中起首重要的推動作用。

19.Dada ：達達主義
A style (1915-1925) with antirational approach and nihilistic, absurdist, and incongruous themes.
流行于1915年至1925年間的藝術流派，其特點是反理性的創作手法和虛無、荒誕。矛盾的主題。
Dadaism asked "what is art?" and used humor and shock value as communicative elements.
達達主義設問“什么是藝術？”并用幽默和讓人震驚的色彩對比手法作答。

20.drawing ：素描
A picture, design, or sketch done with lines in pen or pencil.
用鋼筆或鉛筆勾勒出的圖畫、圖案或寫生圖。
The drawings of Michelangelo were recently exhibited in New York.
米開朗基羅的素描最近在紐約展出。

21.expressionism ：表現主義
An early 20th-century style emphasizing emotional expression, strong color and composition, and a distorted, theatrical treatment of image.
20世紀的一種藝術風格，強調情緒的表現，以濃重的色彩、鮮明的構圖，扭曲、夸張的形象處理為特點。
Professor Bryer will be giving a lecture on expressionism tonight.
今晚布萊恩教授有一個關于表現主義的講座。

22.fresco ：溫壁畫技法；濕壁畫
A technique of painting directly on a wet, plaster surface.
在潮濕的石膏表面上直接作畫。
We all marveled at the beauty of the 17th century fresco.

23.funk art ：非理性藝術；惡臭藝術
A combination of painting and sculpture, deliberately messing and rough, often humorously depicting provocative subjects.(U.S., mid-20th century)
20世紀中期出現在美國的一種藝術流派。故意雜亂無章、不加修飾的繪畫與雕塑的融合。多以幽默的方式描繪刺激性的場面。
Jeson has been collecting funk art since the mid 1960s.
杰森從20世紀60年代中期就開始收集非理性藝術作品。

24.futurism ：未來主義
A style glorifying modern technology, speed, and the machine age. ( Italy, early 20th century )
頌揚現代技術、速度和機器時代的創作風格。起源于20世紀初的意大利。
Art from the era of futurism can be identified by a combination of machine elements, cubism, and motion.
未來主義時期藝術的突出特點是機器法則、立方主義與運動機械的組合。

25.genre ：風俗畫
A realistic depiction of scenes from everyday domestic life.
日常家居生活的寫實畫。
Who is your favorite genre painter?
你最喜歡的風俗畫家是誰？