1. gum up the works 把事情弄糟
Works在這個習慣用語里指某種機械裝置。想象一下要是把粘膠之類的東西灌進馬達里去,會出現什么樣的情況呢?齒輪皮帶之類機件會粘在一塊兒,運轉肯定會受到影響,甚至干脆就停滯不動了。其實gum up the works這個習慣用語出典就在這兒。當然作習慣用語的時候gum up the works往往和機器無關,而是在說人和事了,用來比喻把事情弄糟,或者阻礙事情的順利進展。
來看個例子吧。這是個公司主管在跟合伙人商量有關同事Joe的事兒。
例句-1:I think we better leave Joe out of our first meeting with this new customer. Joe means well, but I'm afraid he'll say something stupid and really gum up the works for us.
我想我們和這位新顧客舉行第一次會議的時候Joe最好不要在場。Joe用意不壞,只是我怕他會說出些不恰當的蠢話把我們的事情搞僵了。
有時,gum up the works也可以簡化成gum up,意思不變。下面這個例子,說話的人去Chicago洽談業務,但是由于助手Ryan粗心大意,讓他白跑了一趟。
例句-2:When I got to the meeting in Chicago and opened my proposal, I found out Ryan had put the wrong proposal inside. He certainly gummed up our chances to win a nice fat contract.
我到芝加哥參加業務會議時,打開我的建議書才發現Ryan張冠李戴放錯了建議書。他可真是糟蹋了我們贏得這份大大有利可圖的合約的機會。
2. beat one's gums 嘮叨,廢話連篇
在beat one's gums這個習慣用語里,gum這個詞有完全不同的含義。它指的是人的牙齦。Beat one's gums,是從五十多年前第二次世界大戰期間開始流傳的俚語。意思是嘮嘮叨叨、沒完沒了地抱怨。這往往出于習慣,或者只是沒話找話說。
例句-3:If I didn't hear my men beating their gums about how bad the chow was, or how hard they worked, I worried. When they were too quiet, I was afraid they were losing their fighting spirit.
要是我聽不到我的部下沒完沒了地抱怨伙食有多差勁,或者他們干活有多辛苦,那我就得擔心了。當他們過于沉默的時候,我害怕他們的斗志消沉了。
嘮叨抱怨也許是人所難免的行為,但是要是做得太過火,就會成了問題,令人生厭。在下面例子里,名叫Oscar的家伙就是這樣一個人。說話的人是在給一位新同事一點忠告。
例句-4:Look, you don't want to get a desk anywhere close to that guy Oscar. He'll drive you crazy - he loves to beat his gums anytime he has anybody close enough to be an audience for him.
喂,你可千萬別靠近Oscar那家伙的辦公桌,他會把你煩死了。任何時候只要附近有任何人能聽他說話,他就會羅嗦個沒完沒了。