abstract art

    :抽象派藝術(shù)

    ●A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes formal values over the representation of subject matter.

    強調(diào)形式至上，忽視內(nèi)容的一種非寫實主義繪畫風(fēng)格。

    ★Kandinsky produced abstract art characterized by imagery that had a musicical quality.

    康定斯基創(chuàng)作的抽象派作品有一種音樂美。

    abstract expressionism:抽象表現(xiàn)派，抽象表現(xiàn)主義

    ●A nonrepresentational style that emphasizes emotion,strong color,and giving primacy to the art of painting.

    把繪畫本身作為目的，以表達情感和濃抹重涂為特點的非寫實主義風(fēng)格。

    ★Abstract expressionism was at its peak in the 1940s and 1950s.

    20世紀(jì)四五十年代是抽象表現(xiàn)主義藝術(shù)發(fā)展的頂峰時期。

    action painting:動作畫派

    ●A term used to describe aggressive methods of applying paint.

    指使畫布產(chǎn)生強烈動作效果的繪畫風(fēng)格。

    ★Action painting often looks childish to the non-artist because of the techniques used to be apply paint,such as throwing it on the canvas.

    在外行看來，動作畫派的作品通常是幼稚的，這主要是因為畫家采用的作畫方法，比如將顏料潑灑在畫布上。

    acrylic:丙烯酸樹脂漆

    ●A fast-drying sysnthetic pigment. 一種易干的合成顏料。

    ★Many artists like to use acrylic paint for technical illustrations because of its fast-drying nature.

    因為丙烯酸樹脂漆的易干性，很多藝術(shù)家喜歡用它制作工藝圖案。

    Avant-garde:先鋒派

    ●Innovative art in advance of popular ideas and images,characterized by unorthodox and experimental methods.

    不拘于現(xiàn)有的創(chuàng)作定式，勇于創(chuàng)作超前思維的藝術(shù)形式。

    ★The avant-garde home of the famous actress sold for millions.

    那個名演員的先鋒派住宅賣出了幾百萬美元的好價錢。

    Baroque:巴洛克風(fēng)格

    ●An emotional,dramatic style of the 16th-18th century,anticlassical in form and spirit.

    流行于16至18世紀(jì)，以情感強烈，鋪張浮華為特點的反古典主義的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。

    ★Statues and architecture from the Baroque hane a dark,muscular,looming quality about them.

    巴洛克風(fēng)格的雕塑和建筑雄偉、高大、格調(diào)陰暗。

    Bauhaus:包豪斯建筑風(fēng)格

    ●A design school that promoted functional and geometic elements in design.

    指包豪斯造型學(xué)院倡導(dǎo)的強調(diào)實用和幾何學(xué)要素的建筑風(fēng)格。

    ★The Bauhaus school of design in Germany changed the way that the world thought about design.

    德國包豪斯造型學(xué)院倡導(dǎo)的藝術(shù)改變了世人的既定設(shè)計思維模式。

    Byzantine:拜占庭藝術(shù)風(fēng)格的

    ●A term used to describe a style of art with strong religious content.

    藝術(shù)風(fēng)格突出強烈宗教色彩的。

    ★The Byzantine era extended from the 13th century and went into the 16th century and was characterized by art with religious influence.

    拜占庭藝術(shù)始于13世紀(jì)，一直延續(xù)到16世紀(jì)，其主要特點是濃郁的宗教氣息。

    calligraphy:書法藝術(shù)

    ●Handwrititing or penmanship,esp.elegant or "beautiful" writing as a decorative art.

    書寫的藝術(shù)，特別是優(yōu)雅漂亮可做裝飾的筆跡。

    ★Calligraphy has practically become a lost art in today‘s computer society.

    在今天的電腦時代，書法藝術(shù)差不多要消亡了。

    collage:拼貼藝術(shù)

    ●A composition of fond objects,newspaper,and cloth over other material on a single surface.

    把揀來的報紙、碎布等在畫面上粘貼成畫。

    ★We used to made computer collages when I was in college by first pasting various items together and then using a video camera to transmit the image onto a computer screen.

    我們在大學(xué)時代曾經(jīng)用電腦做拼貼畫。其步驟是，首先，將各種材料粘在一起，然后用攝象機將圖象傳送到電腦上。

    Dada:達達主義

    ●A style (1915--1925) with antirational approach and nihilistic,absurdist,and incongrous thems.

    流行于1915--1925間的藝術(shù)流派。其特點是反理性的創(chuàng)作手段和虛無、荒誕、矛盾的主題。

    ★Dadasim asked "what is art?" and used humor and shock value as communicative elements. 　

    達達主義設(shè)問“什么是藝術(shù)？”并用幽默和讓人震驚的色彩和手法作答。 #p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

    drawing:素描

    ●A picture,design,or sketch done with lines in pen or pencil.

    用鋼筆或鉛筆勾勒出的圖畫、圖案或?qū)懮�畫�?br />
    ★The drawing of Michelangelo were recently exhibited in New York.

    米開朗基羅的素描最近在紐約展出。

    hyperrealism:高度寫實主義

    ●An extension of photorealism in which depiction of a subject is indistinguiahable from reality. 

    20世紀(jì)末興起的一種繪畫流派。照相現(xiàn)實主義的延伸。強調(diào)對現(xiàn)實的臨摹。 　　

    ★The interesting aspect of hyperrealism is that it challengs the viewer to try to decide what is real and what isn‘t.

    高度寫實主義繪畫很有意思的一點是，觀者很難判斷哪些是真實的，哪些是虛構(gòu)的。

    impressionism:印象主義，印象派

    ●A style emphasizing the depiction of light and its effects,with the act of seeing as its primary subject.(France 19th century)

    強調(diào)繪畫中的光感，以視覺影象作為描繪對象。

    ★Impressionism has long been one of the most popular art movements.Van Gogh‘s impressionistic paingting entitled "Dr. Gachet" was purchased for a world record $85 millon by Japanese investor.

    長期以來，印象主義一直是最具有影響力的藝術(shù)運動之一。凡高的印象派作品《蓋什醫(yī)生》被一名日本投資商以8500萬美元的天價購得。

    Ming:具有明代藝術(shù)特色的

    ●Characteristic of a highly academic classisism,esp. in porcelains.(China,14th--17th centuries)

    高度傳統(tǒng)古典主義傾向的。特別是指與14至17世紀(jì)中國明代瓷器有關(guān)的藝術(shù)。

    ★Dr. Franks is an expert on porcelains form Ming dynasty.
    
    弗蘭克博士是明代瓷器鑒賞專家。

    mosaic:馬賽克；鑲嵌工藝，鑲嵌畫

    ●An illustration composed of small,colored stones or tiles set into cement.

    用五顏六色的小石子或瓦片在水泥板上鑲嵌成的圖案。

    ★The new mall in town features a gaint mosaic over the main entrance way.

    在城里新建的林蔭道的主要入口處有一個巨大的鑲嵌畫。

    new wave:新浪潮

    ●A combination of cartoon,graffiti,and performance art in a minimalist,unsopisticated style.(late 20th century)

    綜合漫畫、涂鴉和表演藝術(shù)的藝術(shù)形式。其風(fēng)格簡單自然。

    ★There‘s a new wave art show currently on exhibit up at the local college dallery.

    本地大學(xué)美術(shù)館里正在舉辦一個新浪潮藝術(shù)作品展。

    nude:裸體

    ●The undraped human figure,sometimes allegorical.

    無遮蓋的人體畫像，有時具有諷喻意義。

    ★The nude has always played a powerful role in art throughout the ages.

    在藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域，裸體畫一直占有重要的地位。

    op art:光效應(yīng)藝術(shù)，視幻藝術(shù)

    ●A style with graphic abstaction and pattern-oriented optical effects.(mid-20th century)

    利用幾何圖形和色彩對比給人以摸棱兩可的視幻覺藝術(shù)。起源于20世紀(jì)中期。

    ★Riley and Vasarely are two noteable artists who made contributions in the illusory world of op art.

    瑞利和凡撒里這兩位著名的藝術(shù)家為夢幻般的光效應(yīng)藝術(shù)作出了貢獻。

    pop art:波普藝術(shù)

    ●A style-making use of images from popular culture and commerce,often reproduced exactly.(mid-20th century)

    把精確復(fù)制大眾化文化和商業(yè)中的形象作為一種藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作。起源于20世紀(jì)中期。

    ★Roy Litchnstein,who helped start the movement in the 1950s,continues to rule as the king of pop art into the 90s.
　　
    早在50年代，羅耶·列克敦斯坦就參與發(fā)起波普藝術(shù)運動。直到90年代他依然是波普藝術(shù)的頂尖級人物。

    Renaissance:文藝復(fù)新時期風(fēng)格的；文藝復(fù)新

    ●Art that is classical in form and content.(n.) revival of aesthetics of classical antiquity.(14th-17th centuries)

    藝術(shù)作品的形式和內(nèi)容具有古典主義色彩的；從14世紀(jì)延續(xù)到17世紀(jì)的經(jīng)典傳統(tǒng)美學(xué)的復(fù)新。

    ★Renaissance art is still appreciated by artists or today.

    現(xiàn)在的藝術(shù)家仍然對文藝復(fù)新時期的藝術(shù)珍愛有加。

    ★Much of the greatest art in the history of the world was produced during the Renaissance. 　

    世界藝術(shù)史上最偉大的作品很多是在文藝復(fù)新時期產(chǎn)生的。

    sculpture:雕刻術(shù)；雕塑術(shù)#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

    ●The art of carving wood,chiseling stone,casting or welding metal,molding caly or wax,etc. into three-dimensional representations,as statues,figures,forms,etc.

    通過對木頭、石頭進行雕刻，對金屬加以鑄造、焊接，或?qū)δ唷⑾灱庸ぶ瞥傻娜�維雕塑作品。

    ★Mt. Rushmore which depicts images of 4 U.S. presidents in the Black Hills,South Dakota is one of the most famous sculptures in America.

    在南達科他州布萊克山區(qū)的拉莫爾山上刻有四位美國總統(tǒng)的雕像。它們是美國最有名的雕塑之一。 

    surrealism:超現(xiàn)實主義

    ●A style using subconscious mental activity as its subject matter,characterized by dreamlike,halluncinatoyy imagery.

    將下意識的精神活動作為描寫對象，多運用夢幻意象的藝術(shù)形式。

    ★The artist Salvador Dali is the synonymous with surrealism.

    藝術(shù)家薩多瓦爾·達利是超現(xiàn)實主義的同義詞。

    Symbolism:象征主義

    ●A 19th century French movemennt that rejected realism and expressed subjective images.

    產(chǎn)生于19世紀(jì)的法國藝術(shù)運動。它擯棄現(xiàn)實主義手法，通過使人產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想的意象表達主觀感受。

    ★Great art most always incorporates Symbolism.

    偉大的藝術(shù)幾乎總是具有象征意義。

    tempera:蛋彩畫顏料

    ●A pigment mixed with water and a gelatinous material,esp. egg yolk.

    調(diào)入水、蛋黃等膠狀物的顏料。

    ★Tempera was used to paint frescos hundreds of years ago.
    
    數(shù)百年前蛋彩畫顏料被用來畫壁畫。

    video art:視頻藝術(shù)

    ●The use of filmed or videotaped material displayed alone or with other media.(late 20th century)

    通過創(chuàng)造性地利用視頻技術(shù)產(chǎn)生可以在電視屏幕上觀看的一種藝術(shù)形式。產(chǎn)生于20世紀(jì)末。

    ★Video art has become a popular medium in today‘s art,especially in collages.

    今天，視頻藝術(shù)已經(jīng)成為一種非常受歡迎的繪畫形式，特別是在拼貼圖中。

    watercolor:水彩顏料；水彩畫

    ●A paint which is mixed with water and used to create pictures;A picture which has been done with this type of paint.

    一種與水混合用來作畫的顏料；用這種顏料作的畫。

    ★My uncle did a beautiful watercolor of a sunset while in Mexico.

    我的叔叔在墨西哥時畫了一幅漂亮的日落水彩畫。