在线观看亚洲精品专区-在线观看亚洲免费-在线观看亚洲免费视频-在线观看亚洲欧美-欧美freexxx-欧美free嫩交video

食品伙伴網(wǎng)服務(wù)號(hào)
 
 
當(dāng)前位置: 首頁 » 專業(yè)英語 » 行業(yè)相關(guān) » 正文

科學(xué)浮云:人類嗅覺識(shí)別機(jī)制探密

放大字體  縮小字體 發(fā)布日期:2011-10-13  來源:yeeyan
核心提示:一項(xiàng)新的研究表明,鼻腔內(nèi)數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的嗅覺受體并不是隨機(jī)分布的。而是聚集在一些微小的區(qū)域里,它們可以幫助大腦辨別氣味的好壞,同時(shí)還具備其他一些潛在的功能。


for National Geographic News
Published October 3, 2011

Millions of receptors in the nose's smelling organ aren't scattered at random, a new study says. Instead, the receptors congregate in tiny hot spots that help the brain discern good smells from bad ones, among other potential functions.
一項(xiàng)新的研究表明,鼻腔內(nèi)數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的嗅覺受體并不是隨機(jī)分布的。而是聚集在一些微小的區(qū)域里,它們可以幫助大腦辨別氣味的好壞,同時(shí)還具備其他一些潛在的功能。

The evidence was gathered by sticking electronic probes up people's noses and measuring the chatter of nasal neurons as subjects were exposed to scents.
實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)的收集是依靠一些電子探針。研究人員將電子探針插入受試者鼻腔內(nèi),測(cè)量受試者在嗅聞各種氣味時(shí)嗅覺神經(jīng)元所產(chǎn)生的信號(hào)變化。

The findings imply that the pleasantness of a smell is hardwired within our heads, calling into question the impact of life experience on how people perceive smells.
研究結(jié)果表明,辨別氣味好壞的神經(jīng)通路先天就隱藏在人類的大腦里。問題就是后天經(jīng)驗(yàn)是如何對(duì)人類嗅覺產(chǎn)生影響的。

"It's both exciting and disturbing," said Don Wilson of the New York University School of Medicine, a neurobiologist who was not involved in the work."It doesn't fit in with what I think or a lot of other researchers think about smell."
“此事既讓人感到興奮又讓人感到疑惑。”從事該項(xiàng)研究工作的紐約大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院神經(jīng)生物學(xué)家Don Wilson說,“這樣的結(jié)果與包括我在內(nèi)的許多專家們對(duì)嗅覺的認(rèn)識(shí)相抵觸。”

Instead of the brain processing all scent information, for instance, it seems nasal neurons preprocess some of it—almost as if the nose has its own small brain.
譬如在處理嗅覺信息時(shí),并不是所有的工作都由大腦來承擔(dān)。鼻神經(jīng)元似乎也承擔(dān)了部分工作——鼻腔好象自己有自己的小腦一樣。

Taking One in the Nose專一的嗅覺感知能力
The human nose contains a postage stamp-size smelling organ, called the olfactory epithelium, at the roof of the nasal cavity.
人類鼻腔的屋頂,有一塊面積如郵票大小被稱之為“嗅上皮”的嗅覺器官。

By probing mouse noses to measure the firing of nasal neurons, scientists had previously discovered that scent receptors might be organized into groups, similar to the way the tongue has zones armed to detect specific tastes such as sour, sweet, and salty.
科學(xué)家們通過對(duì)以往大鼠鼻腔神經(jīng)元活動(dòng)所做的測(cè)定實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),嗅覺受體有可能存在著嗅覺功能上的分工。其分工方式如同舌部,酸、甜、咸各種味道均有各自的感知區(qū)域。

But a rodent's nose has more than 1,200 different types of scent receptors, and even a tiny probe could touch tens of thousands of receptors in one reading, making it hard to get a clear signal.
然而,大鼠鼻腔內(nèi)有1200多種嗅覺受體。探測(cè)器的頂端盡管比針尖還要細(xì),但每次測(cè)到的是數(shù)以萬計(jì)受體神經(jīng)活動(dòng)的信息,單個(gè)的信號(hào)無法辨別。

Humans have roughly 400 different kinds of receptors, however, making the business of sticking probes in noses and plucking out useful information more fruitful.
然而,人類鼻腔內(nèi)約有400多種不同的嗅覺受體,能更有效地執(zhí)行探測(cè)與識(shí)別有用信息的任務(wù)。

How the Nose Knows氣味是如何分辨的
A team led by neuroscientist Noam Sobel, of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, asked more than 80 people to sniff substances with odors known to be either pleasant or unpleasant across many cultures.
由以色列魏茨曼科學(xué)研究所神經(jīng)學(xué)家Noam Sobel領(lǐng)銜的研究小組,要求80余名具有不同文化背景的被試識(shí)別各種已知?dú)馕兜暮脡摹?br />
Ordinary smells can be made up of tens to hundreds of compounds, so Sobel and his colleagues puffed only pure chemicals into the noses of their wired subjects, one scent at a time.
普通氣味是由數(shù)十或數(shù)百種物質(zhì)所構(gòu)成的,因此,Sobel和他的同事每次向聯(lián)有探測(cè)針的受試者的鼻腔內(nèi)噴入的是純凈物,每次只感知一種氣味。

Pooling together 801 neural recordings from people's noses, the team found that some regions of the epithelium are better at detecting scent than other regions. The researchers also found hot spots that are better at interpreting either pleasantness or unpleasantness.
從對(duì)人體鼻腔收集到的801項(xiàng)神經(jīng)活動(dòng)記錄來看,小組人員發(fā)現(xiàn)某些區(qū)域的嗅上皮細(xì)胞比其它區(qū)域的對(duì)某種氣味更具感知能力。研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)能更好地識(shí)別氣味好壞的特定區(qū)域。

"To my surprise, this means something about the epithelium is tuned to pick up certain information" in certain zones, New York University's Wilson said."We don't understand what the purposes of those zones are," he added, "but that's exciting."
紐約大學(xué)的Wilson說,“真沒想到,嗅覺上皮是一種檢測(cè)特定嗅覺信息的結(jié)構(gòu)。雖然這些區(qū)域的詳細(xì)功能還未查明,但這一結(jié)果是值得令人興奮的了。”

The smelling study was published online last week in the journal Nature Neuroscience.
有關(guān)研究成果發(fā)布于上周網(wǎng)絡(luò)版的《自然神經(jīng)科學(xué)》雜志。

相關(guān)閱讀:科學(xué)家質(zhì)疑「味覺分布圖」
原文鏈接:Secrets of Smell: Different Nose Parts for Stinky, Sweet

更多翻譯詳細(xì)信息請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊:http://www.trans1.cn
編輯:foodtrans

 
關(guān)鍵詞: 英語 嗅覺
[ 網(wǎng)刊訂閱 ]  [ 專業(yè)英語搜索 ]  [ ]  [ 告訴好友 ]  [ 打印本文 ]  [ 關(guān)閉窗口 ] [ 返回頂部 ]
分享:

 

 
推薦圖文
推薦專業(yè)英語
點(diǎn)擊排行
 
 
Processed in 0.122 second(s), 17 queries, Memory 0.91 M
主站蜘蛛池模板: 午夜视频在线观看视频 | 国产伦精品一区二区免费 | 国产精品欧美一区二区三区 | 亚洲bbbbbxxxxx精品三十七 | 亚洲成a人在线播放www | 一区二区影视 | 俄罗斯aaaaa一级毛片 | 激情五月激情综合网 | 亚洲人成在线精品不卡网 | 国产高清免费在线观看 | 色综合色综合色综合网址 | 久久久久免费精品国产小说 | 网全大全黄| 视频在线观看h | 91精品日本久久久久久牛牛 | 美女色18片黄黄色 | 成人欧美一区二区三区 | 色视频网站免费 | 四虎黄色影院 | 91亚洲视频 | 成人爽爽激情在线观看 | xxxx欧美xxxx黑人 | 天天射天天搞 | 手机在线视频你懂的 | 天堂网址 | 天天草夜夜操 | 人人艹人人插 | 网红和老师啪啪对白清晰 | 国产亚洲人成网站天堂岛 | 黄色欧美| 两人性世界 | 高清毛片一区二区三区 | 丁香花五月天婷婷 | 亚洲3级| 国产裸露片段精华合集链接 | 免费日韩网站 | 欧美三级网址 | 最近2018中文字幕2019视频 | 久久综合综合久久 | 亚洲午夜久久久久久噜噜噜 | 成熟妇女毛耸耸性视频 |